Microplastics (MPs) are tiny particles derived from plastic, and their high fragmentation poses a significant threat to the marine environment.MPs can originate from various sources, such as primary or secondary sources as well as internal or external sources.However, in marine environments, MPs mainly enter from external sources, such as plastic w

It has been suggested that hierarchically structured symbols, a remarkable feature of human language, are produced via the operation of recursive combination.Recursive combination is frequently observed in human behavior, not only in language but also in action sequences, mind-reading, technology, etc.in contrast, it is rarely observed in animals.W